| Jerrold Reinach Zacharias | |
|---|---|
| Born | January 23, 1905 Jacksonville, Florida |
| Died | July 16, 1986 |
| Nationality | American |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Doctoral students | John G. King |
Jerrold Reinach Zacharias (January 23, 1905–July 16, 1986) was an American physicist and Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Zacharias was involved in both the Radiation Laboratory at MIT and the Manhattan Project. He helped build the MIT Physics Department after the war, and was responsible for recruiting Bruno Rossi and Victor Weisskopf to the Institute. During the Cold War he was the head of a number of defense-related studies hosted at MIT (Project Hartwell, Project Charles, Project Lamp Light) and later he both founded and ran the Physical Science Study Committee, which was influential in changing physics education in the United States in the wake of Sputnik (1957). In 1954 he testified at the security clearance hearing of J. Robert Oppenheimer, where he was accused of being part of a cabal known as "ZORC" (Zacharias, Oppenheimer, Rabi, Charles Lauritsen) that was attempting to do damage to U.S. national security (on the contrary, Zacharias did much research to aid national defense); he was later investigated by agents of Senator Joseph McCarthy, whom he did not cooperate with (leading to fear that he might lose his job).
He continued to push for educational reform throughout the 1960s and 1970s through such projects as Elementary Science Study and the educational TV series "Infinity Factory." His scientific work was in the area of nuclear physics. Zacharias also developed the first practical version of the cesium-beam clock, often called an "atomic clock," which later became the internationally accepted standard for timekeeping. He was also the founder of Education Development Center, a global nonprofit that develops science and math curricula.